最近在美國(guó)推出的 Newborn Nine 現(xiàn)貨比特幣 ETF 自推出以來(lái)的 9 個(gè)交易日內(nèi),其管理的總資產(chǎn)激增至 51 億美元。
然而,在此期間,比特幣的價(jià)格下跌了約 20%。
這些 ETF 的股價(jià)也與比特幣價(jià)格一致下跌。
那么,如果 ETF 股票價(jià)值下跌,它們?nèi)绾卫^續(xù)購(gòu)買(mǎi)更多比特幣呢?
商品股 ETF 旨在代表標(biāo)的資產(chǎn)的敞口。
就現(xiàn)貨比特幣 ETF 而言,標(biāo)的資產(chǎn)當(dāng)然是比特幣。
當(dāng)資金流入該基金時(shí),它被用來(lái)以等價(jià)購(gòu)買(mǎi)比特幣。
隨著需求的增加,ETF 份額的價(jià)值也會(huì)增加。
相對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)比特幣價(jià)值的股票價(jià)值被稱(chēng)為“資產(chǎn)凈值”(NAV),這被用作評(píng)估該基金相對(duì)于其持有的比特幣是否被高估或低估的晴雨表。
創(chuàng)建 ETF 股票籃子。
ETF 中的新股并不是在投資者決定買(mǎi)入時(shí)憑空創(chuàng)建的。相反,它們是由授權(quán)參與者 (AP) 在籃子中創(chuàng)建的。
例如,貝萊德目前保留荷蘭銀行清算公司 (ABN AMRO Clearing)、簡(jiǎn)街資本 (Jane Street Capital)、摩根大通證券 (JP Morgan Securities)、麥格理資本 (Macquarie Capital) 和 Virtu Americas 作為 iShares 比特幣信托基金的 AP。
對(duì)于貝萊德來(lái)說(shuō),這五家公司是唯一能夠創(chuàng)建或贖回與 ETF 相關(guān)的一籃子股票的實(shí)體。
一籃子股票由 40,000 股組成,截至發(fā)稿時(shí)每股價(jià)值約為 906,365 美元。
每個(gè)籃子相當(dāng)于約 22.7 BTC,這意味著每當(dāng)為 ETF 創(chuàng)建股票時(shí),必須至少購(gòu)買(mǎi) 22.7 BTC(1 籃子)。
當(dāng)股票被贖回時(shí),至少等量的股票會(huì)被出售以換取現(xiàn)金給受影響人。
在目前的機(jī)制下,只能使用現(xiàn)金來(lái)創(chuàng)建股票籃子,這意味著 AP 不能向貝萊德提供比特幣來(lái)?yè)Q取股票。
為了滿(mǎn)足流動(dòng)性需求,AP通常會(huì)提前購(gòu)買(mǎi)一籃子股票,然后出售給市場(chǎng)。
此過(guò)程每個(gè)交易日發(fā)生一次,并使用比特幣 CF 基準(zhǔn)指數(shù)匯率(紐約版本)來(lái)確保股票的發(fā)行相對(duì)于比特幣的價(jià)格。
當(dāng) ETF 的交易活動(dòng)較高時(shí),意味著對(duì)股票的需求較高,因此需要有足夠的流動(dòng)性來(lái)處理交易量。
一籃子股票將根據(jù)交易量創(chuàng)建,這些新股將用于報(bào)告 ETF 的流入情況。
例如,如果發(fā)行 700 萬(wàn)股新股,使流通股總數(shù)達(dá)到 7000 萬(wàn)股,ETF 的資產(chǎn)凈值價(jià)格為 22 美元,則資產(chǎn)管理規(guī)模將增加 1.54 億美元,達(dá)到 15.4 億美元。
然而,這些股票不一定已出售到公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)并掌握在投資者手中。
新創(chuàng)建的股份可能仍由 AP 持有,準(zhǔn)備用作未來(lái)交易活動(dòng)的流動(dòng)性。
If Bitcoin’s price declines, which leads to investors selling shares in the ETF, the assets under management do not necessarily decline at the same rate. While the AUM may reduce in dollar terms if Bitcoin becomes less valuable, the number of BTC held in the fund remains unchanged until the AP redeems shares.
A reduction in ETF share price while its AUM increases due to additional Bitcoin purchases, therefore, could signal that the APs believe the underlying asset is undervalued. APs can hold onto outstanding shares without redeeming them if they believe Bitcoin will be worth more in the future. Each share is priced relative to the AUM when valued in dollar terms. Therefore, by not redeeming the shares if Bitcoin rallies in the future, the AUM will also increase, making each share more valuable.
Therefore, given that both the Newborn Nine and the underlying Bitcoin have declined around 18% since launch. At the same time, the combined assets under management have grown by approximately $550 million per day, and it seems the APs are not redeeming shares.
The only ETF seeing outflows in terms of redemptions is Grayscale, with its imposing 1.5% fee and majority of investors in profit. All other ETFs, namely the Newborn Nine, are experiencing daily inflows via new share basket creations from APs.
There is around $1.5 billion in trading volume across the spot Bitcoin ETFs, which requires considerable liquidity to facilitate. Should this liquidity fall off, we may see some redemption activity.
Until then, the combined value of cash used by US institutions to facilitate share creation for Bitcoin ETFs is over $27 billion. Given that the price has declined while new share baskets have been created, it is reasonable to assume that some of this Bitcoin is essentially owned by APs such as JP Morgan and Jane Street Capital, among others.
Now for the slightly ‘tin foil hat,’ full Bitcoin maxi part of the argument. If JP Morgan as a company were as bearish on Bitcoin as CEO Jamie Dimon, one might expect baskets to be redeemed as long as enough shares exist in the market to handle liquidity. Yet, from current data, it seems no share baskets have been redeemed for the Newborn Nine. Any shares that may currently be unallocated to investors belong to the APs who created the baskets.
For BlackRock’s iShares Bitcoin ETF (IBIT), 11.9 million shares changed hands on Jan. 24, with 77.2 million shares outstanding. This calculates to around a 15% liquidity rate.
In comparison, BlackRock’s iShares Core S&P 500 ETF (IVV) has 854 million shares and an average volume of around 5.5 million, indicating a volume of 0.6% of the float. For IBIT, this equated to roughly $270 million in volume, while IVV saw around ten times more at $2.7 billion. Thus, IVV has 10 times the volume, but IBIT has 25 times the liquidity.
比特幣 ETF 的高流動(dòng)性表明人們對(duì)該金融產(chǎn)品有著強(qiáng)烈的興趣,盡管可能更具投機(jī)性。
IVV 較低的交易比率表明其市場(chǎng)地位穩(wěn)定,投機(jī)交易少得多。
然而,考慮到可用的深度流動(dòng)性,比特幣 ETF 對(duì)大額交易的敏感度也可能較低。
從各方面來(lái)看,現(xiàn)貨比特幣在華爾街的首次亮相取得了巨大的成功。
投資者的興趣通過(guò)成交量顯而易見(jiàn),機(jī)構(gòu)的興趣和信念可以從全面強(qiáng)勁的籃子創(chuàng)建中清楚地看出。
我什至大膽猜測(cè),如果交易量下降,只要灰度繼續(xù)流出,我們就會(huì)繼續(xù)看到每日資金流入新生九個(gè) ETF。
考慮到 ETF 的比特幣價(jià)格是如何計(jì)算的,從 Grayscale 購(gòu)買(mǎi)比特幣是將美元成本平均轉(zhuǎn)化為比特幣的絕佳方法。
從表面上看,當(dāng) AP 向貝萊德和富達(dá)等全球領(lǐng)先的資產(chǎn)管理公司提供現(xiàn)金而不是自己托管比特幣時(shí),情況尤其如此。
此外,這種比特幣積累方法沒(méi)有公開(kāi)曝光,這意味著聲譽(yù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很??低。
不幸的是,與區(qū)塊鏈不同,TradFi 是一本封閉的書(shū)。
無(wú)法知道AP持有多少流通股以及投資者手中有多少。
未來(lái)的披露和報(bào)告可能會(huì)提供有關(guān)情況的快照,但在 TradFi 采用更透明的基于區(qū)塊鏈的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施之前,我們主要處于一無(wú)所知的狀態(tài)。
摩根大通是否正在利用貝萊德秘密購(gòu)買(mǎi)比特幣?
答案是也許。
為了解決摩根大通和其他 AP 等機(jī)構(gòu)是否可以使用貝萊德等 ETF 作為購(gòu)買(mǎi)比特幣的代理,我將以貝萊德招股說(shuō)明書(shū)中的這句話(huà)結(jié)束;
授權(quán)參與者沒(méi)有義務(wù)創(chuàng)建或贖回籃子,授權(quán)參與者也沒(méi)有義務(wù)向
公眾發(fā)售其創(chuàng)建的任何籃子的股份。